General Biology II NAME____________________________________
Test # 2 Chapters 37-41
March 1, 2006 160 pts 5bonus
Chapter 37
Name the three types of epithelial cell shapes AND give a location for each in the human body. 6pts
What is the difference between endocrine glands and exocrine glands? 4pts
What is the main function of loose, dense, elastic and reticular connective tissue? 2pts And WHERE might you find each of these in the body? 5pts
Which connective tissue is avascular (without blood vessels) and without nerves? 2pts
Label the parts of the bone. 3pts What is function of the Haversian canals? 3pts
Compare and contrast the three types of muscle found in the human body. 9pts
Draw and label a neuron with its major parts.6pts What is the function of glial cells? 2pts
What is the function of negative feedback? 3pts
Chapter 38
What, in general, do the following terms refer to? 3pts
_________________________ chondr
_________________________ osteo
_________________________ sarco/myo
Label the following diagram of human skin. 5pts
What is the main function of human skin? 2pts
What are the three types of skeletons found in the animal kingdom. 3pts Give the name of one representative organism that possesses that type of skeleton. 3 pts
Name
the following bones of the appendicular skeleton. 7pts
Describe the process of muscle contraction at the molecular level beginning with the release of acetylcholine from the motor neuron. 10 pts
Slow (red) muscle fibers that are used for endurance activities such as marathons have more _________________ than fast (white) fibers that are needed for a rapid response. 1pt
Calcium – what role does calcium play in muscle contraction? What role does calcium play in neural signal propagation? 6pts
Chapter 39
What is the common functional role between oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells? 4pts
The outside of a neuron is _________________(charge?) relative to the inside of the neuron, which is _______________(charge?) 4pts
When a neuron receives excitatory neurotransmitters, _______________ ion channels are thrown open allowing all of those ions to flow into the cell thus initiating a wave of depolarization (action potential). 2pts
Is it possible to have big waves of depolarization sometimes in a neuron and small waves of depolarization other times in a neuron? 2pts
YES or NO
Neurons that have oligodendocytes or Schwann cells experience continuous OR salutatory conduction? (circle the correct answer) 2pts
Draw a simple reverberating neural circuit – what type of memory is this type of circuit thought to make up? 4pts
Chapter 40
1) Peripheral nervous system 6pts
i) Somatic division = _____________________________________________;
______ (number) efferent neurons
ii) ____________________ division = regulates internal environment
______ (number) efferent neurons
(a) _______________________________ = Fight or flight
(b) Parasympathetic = _____________________________
Which invertebrate is thought to be smater? (circle the correct answer) 1pt
Annelids OR cephalopods (octopus/squid)
Use the following terms to answer the questions. 5pts
Telencephalon Myelencephalon Mesencephalon
Diencephalon Metencephalon
Which develops into the thalamus and hypothalamus? ____________________________
Which develops into the cerebellum and pons? _____________________________
Which develops into the cerebrum and olfactory bulbs? __________________________
Which develops into the medulla? ________________________________
Which develops into the midbrain? ________________________________
What is the MAIN function of the hypothalamus? 4pts
Of the four lobes of the brain, frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital: 2pts
Which is responsible for vision? ____________________________
Which is responsible for sense organs in the skin? ________________________
Brain waves 3pts
Which waves are present when we are awake with eyes closed?
_________________________
Which waves are present when we are asleep?
_________________________
Which waves are present when we are awake and functioning normally?
_________________________
Of the reticular activating system (RAS), the Suprachiasmatic nucleus, and the Limbic system: 3pts
Which is responsible for our biological clock? ___________________________
Which is responsible for regulating consciousness? _________________________
Which is responsible for regulating our emotional behavior? ______________________
Chapter 41 sensory reception
Our bodies receive all sorts of various stimuli that our sensory receptors are responsible for turning into THE stimulus that the brain understands – WHAT stimulus does the brain understand? 3pts
Name at least three DIFFERENT types of stimuli that our sensory receptors are capable of turning into information that the brain understands. 3pts
What type of sensory receptor are responsible for lateral lines in fish, hearing and equilibrium in humans? 2pts
Nociceptor - What type of stimulus does it transducer? How is it different from other receptors in our skin? 2pts
Where might you find a proprioceptor and what is its function? 2pts
Starting with liquid movement in a canal (inside lateral lines in fish, OR saccules, OR utricles, OR semicircular canals), how is that movement transduced to the afferent neuron? 4pts
Label the inner ear. Utricle, saccule, ampullae, semicircular canals, cochlea. 8pts
(In the diagram on the preceding page)
Which areas are responsible for tilting/linear acceleration? (#’s) ______________
Which areas are responsible for turning/angular acceleration? (#’s) ____________
Which areas are responsible hearing? (#’s)____________
What is the main function of the Organ of Corti? 2pts
Trace the path taken by sound waves as they enter the external ear to the afferent neurons. 5pts
Chemoreceotprs are responsible for taste and smell. They activate a “classical” pathway involving a G protein. WHAT is the end product of activating a G protein? (hint: caffeine disrupts the breakdown of this molecule). 2pts
BONUS What effect does positive feedback have and give me an example. 3pts
BONUS Which skin sensor is responsible for sensing vibrations? 2pts