General Biology II

Homework Chapters 44-46

 

Please hand write you answers

 

CHAPTER 44

1.                  How and with what is most Oxygen transported in the blood?

 

2.                  In what chemical form is most CO2 transported in the blood?

 

3.                  What is the Bohr effect?

 

4.                  How does the Bohr effect influence where Oxygen is unloaded from hemoglobin?

 

5.                  What is the most important chemical stimulus for regulating the rate of respiration?

 

6.                  Where does the conversion of CO2  to bicarbonate take place – what part of the body and in what cells?

 

 

CHAPTER 45

7.                  Name all the parts of the digestive system starting with the mouth going to the anus.

a.       DESCRIBE what events take place at EACH place – what type of digestions happens (mechanical or enzymatic), what enzymes are present for digestion, what nutrients are absorbed.

 

8.                  What are the four layers of the digestive tract?

 

9.                  Why do we have folds in the small intestines, villi, microvilli, and a very long small intestines?

 

10.              What digestive role does the liver play?

 

11.              List the digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas.

 

12.              What part of the small intestines receives the pancreatic enzymes?

 

13.              Describe lipid digestion – where are lipids broken down, what are they broken down into, how do they get absorbed, what happens after they get absorbed, where are they sent and through what vessels?

 

 

 

CHAPTER 46

14.              Describe Diffusion

 

15.              Describe Osmosis

a.       How does the body control WHERE water goes?

 

16.              Name three nephridial organs found in invertebrates – give examples organisms where each may be found.

 

17.              Name four metabolic wastes.

 

18.              KNOW all the parts and functions of the human urinary system.  (fig 46.7)

 

19.              DRAW a NEPHRON and label the parts.  (Fig 46.12)

 

20.              Tell the function of the following hormones

a.       erythropoietin

b.      1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

c.       Antidiuretic hormone (this effects the permeability of collecting ducts to WHAT)

d.      Angiotensin II

e.       Aldosterone (this effects the reabsorption in distal tubules and collecting ducts to WHAT)

f.        Atrial natiuretic peptide

 

21.              What is the most abundant extracellular ion?

 

22.              Which direction will the water move by osmosis in the following figures.

(Indicate the answers with an arrow)