Microbiology

Chapter 14

 

 

Question 1

The physical barriers that serve as the first line of defense against infection include all except which of the following?

     A) Stratum corneum

     B) Flow of saliva

     C) Hair follicles and skin cells

     D) Mucocutaneous membranes

     E) Lysozyme

 

Question 2

What physical barrier protects the trachea and bronchi against infection?

     A) Nasal hairs

     B) Flow of mucous and fluids

     C) Ciliated epithelium

     D) Coughing

     E) Sneezing

 

Question 3

Where is lysozyme, the enzyme that hydrolyzes peptidoglycan, found in the body?

     A) In the stomach

     B) On the surface of the skin

     C) In the vagina

     D) In saliva and tears

     E) In semen

 

Question 4

Which fluid-filled compartment does not participate in immune function?

     A) Cerebrospinal

     B) Extracellular fluid

     C) Lymphatic system

     D) Reticuloendothelial system

     E) Bloodstream

 

Question 5

Why is the reticuloendothelial system considered intrinsic to immune function?

     A) Because it provides a physical barrier against infection

B) Because it provides a passageway within and between tissues and organs

     C) Because it stabilizes the pH of the body

     D) Because it is involved in hemopoiesis

     E) Because it produces plasma

 

Question 6

What type of white blood cell is heavily concentrated within the reticuloendothelial system?

     A) Eosinophils

     B) Lymphocytes

     C) Macrophages

     D) Basophils

     E) Neutrophils

 

Question 7

By four years of age, human blood cell production becomes devoted to several sites. Which of the following is not a site for blood cell production?

     A) Liver

     B) Ribs

     C) Sternum

     D) Flat bones of the skull and spinal column

     E) Pelvic girdle

 

Question 8

White blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets all arise from what type of progenitor cells?

     A) Leukocytes

     B) Yolk sac cells

     C) Pluripotential stem cells

     D) Granulocytes

     E) Macrophages

 

Question 9

What type of cell is involved in bloodclotting and inflammation?

     A) Monocytes

     B) Lymphocytes

     C) Red blood cells

     D) Platelets

     E) Basophils

 

Question 10

The agranulocytes include all of the following cell types except which?

     A) Dendritic cells

     B) Neutrophils

     C) Lymphocytes

     D) Monocytes

     E) Macrophages

 

Question 11

Leukocytes (WBCs) are made up of all but which of the following cell types?

     A) Platelets

     B) Eosinophils

     C) Basophils

     D) Lymphocytes

     E) Monocytes

 

Question 12

What is the primary function of neutrophils?

     A) Carrying oxygen

     B) Removal of carbon dioxide

     C) Involvement in the specific immune response

     D) Phagocytosis

     E) Secretion of antibodies

 

Question 13

What type of WBC attacks and destroys large eucaryotic pathogens and is involved in allergic reactions and inflammation?

     A) Monocytes

     B) Dendritic cells

     C) Macrophages

     D) B lymphocytes

     E) Eosinophils

 

Question 14

What cells are directly responsible for the release of histamine and other allergic stimulants during immediate allergies?

     A) Eosinophils

     B) Mast cells

     C) Neutrophils

     D) T lymphocytes

     E) Monocytes

 

Question 15

Where do B lymphocytes mature in humans?

     A) Bursa of Fabricius

     B) Bladder

     C) Bone marrow

     D) Brain

     E) Blood

 

Question 16

What type of cell modulates immune functions and kills foreign cells?

     A) B lymphocytes

     B) Plasma cells

     C) Monocytes

     D) T lymphocytes

     E) Macrophages

 

Question 17

Which of the following is not a responsibility or function of macrophages?

A) Involved in many types of specific and nonspecific phagocytic functions

     B) Processing of foreign molecules

C) Secretion of biologically active compounds that assist, mediate, attract, and inhibit immune cells and reactions

     D) Presentation of processed foreign antigens to lymphocytes

     E) Differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies

 

Question 18

What is the name of the process by which WBCs adhere to the inner walls of small blood vessels and then migrate out of the blood into the tissue spaces?

     A) Diapedesis

     B) Differentiation

     C) Hemopoiesis

     D) Surveillance

     E) Edema

 

Question 19

The classic signs and symptoms of inflammation include all except which of the following?

     A) Heat

     B) Headache

     C) Pain

     D) Redness

     E) Swelling

 

Question 20

What is the overall effect of vasodilation that occurs following an injury?

     A) Blood flow is restricted to the injured site

     B) A fibrin clot develops immediately

     C) Pus formation immediately commences

     D) Blood flow to the injured site is increased

     E) A granuloma develops

 

Question 21

Chemical mediators released following injury perform all but which of the following functions?

     A) Increase the permeability of blood vessels

     B) Stimulate nerves surrounding the injury

     C) Cause the differentiation of stem cells

     D) Stimulate chemotaxis

     E) Cause swelling in the area around the injury

 

Question 22

What produces and releases endogenous pyrogens?

     A) Neutrophils

     B) Viruses

     C) LPS

     D) Fungi

     E) Protozoa

 

Question 23

When monocytes migrate from blood vessels into tissues, inflammatory mediatory transform them into what?

     A) Pus

     B) Granulomas

     C) Eosinophils

     D) Neutrophils

     E) Macrophages

 

Question 24

Where does actual destruction of ingested material occur during phagocytosis?

     A) Phagosome

     B) Phagolysosome

     C) Lysosome

     D) Endocytic vesicle

     E) Opsonin

 

Question 25

What is not a function or effect of interferon?

     A) Tumor suppressor

     B) Antiviral effects

     C) WBC activator

     D) Inhibit the expression of cancer genes

     E) RBC suppressor