Microbiology

Chapter 25

Question 1

What are hemagglutinin and neuraminidase?

A) Exotoxins produced by the influenza virus

B) Glycoprotein receptors on influenza's target cells

C) Glycoproteins on influenza virus that contribute to virulence

D) Proteins found in the nucleus of influenza virus

E) Proteins that surround each segment of the nucleic acid in influenza

Question 2

What virus commonly undergoes both antigenic shifts and antigenic drifts?

A) HIV

B) Ebola

C) Rotavirus

D) Influenza

E) Rabies

Question 3

Ebola is a member of what family of viruses?

A) Filovirus

B) Retrovirus

C) Orthomyxovirus

D) Togavirus

E) Coronavirus

Question 4

What increases the possibility of antigenic shift in influenza virus?

A) The presence of neutralizing antibodies to influenza

B) The presence of herd immunity

C) The annual flu shot

D) Aerosol transmission of influenza

E) The simultaneous infection of one individual with two different strains of influenza

Question 5

What type of vaccine is the current FluMist vaccine?

A) Live, attenuated virus

B) Acellular

C) Recombinant

D) Killed, whole virus

E) Toxoid

Question 6

How are all the important human paramyxoviruses transmitted?

A) By direct contact with infected rodents

B) By respiratory droplets

C) By the bite of an infected arthropod

D) By sexual transmission

E) By contaminated food

Question 7

A giant, multinucleated cell that has cytoplasmic inclusion bodies is also known as a what?

A) Syncopate

B) Syncytium

C) Syncline

D) Synchrotron

E) Syndrome

Question 8

What is the body's target site for the paramyxovirus that causes mumps?

A) Throat

B) Mouth

C) Parotid gland

D) Adenoid glands

E) Thyroid gland

Question 9

Koplik's spots are associated with what illness?

A) Mumps

B) Measles

C) German measles

D) RSV infection

E) Influenza

Question 10

For what disease is postexposure vaccination with the human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) indicated?

A) Rabies

B) Measles

C) Mumps

D) Rubella

E) RSV infection

Question 11

What virus can cause teratogenic effects?

A) SARS

B) Rabies

C) Influenza

D) Hanta

E) Rubella (Rubivirus)

Question 12

Which is not a chief vector of the arboviruses?

A) Gnats

B) Mosquitoes

C) Spiders

D) Flies

E) Ticks

Question 13

What is the most common tick-borne viral fever in the United States?

A) Colorado tick fever (CTF)

B) West Nile encephalitis

C) Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE)

D) St. Louis encephalitis (SLE)

E) California encephalitis

Question 14

The CDC has discovered the presence of the Asian tiger mosquito in several states along the southern border of the United States. They worry that this mosquito could be a potential vector for what disease?

A) Western equine encephalitis (WEE)

B) Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE)

C) St. Louis encephalitis

D) Yellow fever

E) Dengue fever

Question 15

According to the World Health Organization, what region of the world has the largest number of both adults and children living with HIV/AIDS?

A) South and South East Asia

B) Sub-Saharan Africa

C) North Africa and Middle East

D) Latin America

E) Eastern Europe and Central Asia

Question 16

What mode of HIV transmission is growing more rapidly than any other?

A) Sexual transmission between homosexual or bisexual males

B) Blood transfusions and blood products

C) Sharing of contaminated needles

D) Congenital or neonatal AIDS

E) Contact by medical or dental personnel

Question 17

Which is incorrect regarding measles?

A) Humans are the only reservoir.

B) The rash is a red maculopapular exanthem.

C) A serious complication is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE).

D) Another name is epidemic parotitis.

E) A single antigen vaccine (Meruvax) is available for older people who require protection.

Question 18

What class of lymphocytes is infected and destroyed by HIV?

A) Monocytes

B) Macrophages

C) Antibodies

D) CD8

E) CD4

Question 19

Which is incorrect regarding HIV and AIDS in the U.S.?

A) About 1 million people are infected.

B) About 40,000 new cases of HIV are reported every year.

C) Most cases occur in females.

D) Nearly 20,000 people die each year from AIDS.

E) African-Americans are more likely to be infected than other ethnic groups.

Question 20

Which is not a class of drugs used in HIV/AIDS therapy?

A) Synthetic nucleotides

B) Reverse transcriptase inhibitors

C) Ribozyme inhibitors

D) Protease inhibitors

E) Fusion inhibitors

Question 21

Why is poliovirus able to survive the gastric environment and other harsh conditions?

A) It has a naked capsid

B) It has a phospholipids envelope

C) Its capsid is composed of flagellin protein

D) It is a dsDNA virus

E) It is a segmented ssRNA virus

Question 22

Poliovirus has an affinity for what body system?

A) Gastrointestinal system

B) Nervous system

C) Genitourinary system

D) Circulatory system

E) Reticuloendothelial system

Question 23

How is hepatitis A transmitted?

A) Respiratory droplets

B) Fomites

C) Sexually transmitted

D) Fecal-oral route

E) Bite of an infected vector

Question 24

Which is incorrect regarding Polio?

A) Most cases result in paralysis.

B) The stage of infection can be demonstrated by obtaining a titer.

C) Treatment is mostly to alleviate pain.

D) The virus can be transmitted by water contaminated with feces.

E) Long-term survivors of childhood infection may experience post-polio syndrome.

Question 25

Which is not a property of the agents of spongiform encephalopathies?

A) Present virus morphology in electron microscopy of infected brain cells

B) Proteinaceous in nature

C) Very resistant to chemicals, radiation, and heat

D) Not integrated into nucleic acid of infected host cells

E) Transmitted only by intimate contact with infected tissues and secretions