Microbiology TEST #2                NAME_______________________________________

October 5, 2005

Chapters 7, 8, & 9

 

God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble.  Psalm 46:1

 

 

  1. The term organic means to scientists:

A)    grown without the used of pesticides

B)     contains oxygen

C)    contains carbon

D)    usually refers to metal ions

 

  1. All cells need nutrients, some in large quantities, these are called:

A)    autotrophs

B)     inorganic

C)    micronutrients

D)    macronutrients

 

  1. The term phototroph refers to an organism that:

A)    must obtain organic compounds for its carbon needs

B)     gets energy from sunlight

C)    gets energy by oxidizing chemical compounds

D)    does not need a carbon source

 

  1. The term chemoheterotroph refers to an organism that:

A)    uses CO2 for its carbon source and gets energy by oxidizing chemical compunds

B)     uses CO2 for its carbon source and gets energy from sunlight

C)    must obtain organic compounds for its carbon needs and gets energy by oxidizing chemical compounds

D)    does not need a carbon source

 

  1. Organisms that feed on dead organisms to get nutrients are:

A)    saprobes

B)     parasites

C)    autotrophs

D)    phototrophs

 

  1. An example of a photoautotroph is:

A)    plants

B)     humans

C)    fungi

D)    bacteria

 

  1. Diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane is called:

A)    facilitated diffusion

B)     diffusion

C)    active transport

D)    osmosis

  1. ______________ refers to any molecule moving from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.

A)    osmosis

B)     facilitated diffusion

C)    transport

D)    diffusion

 

  1. The movement of substances from a higher to a lower concentration across a

semipermeable membrane that must have a specific protein carrier and NO cell expenditure of energy is called:

A)    facilitated diffusion

B)     diffusion

C)    active transport

D)    osmosis

 

  1. The membrane below is permeable to water only, which direction will water move?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. Bacteria living in salty seawater that are moved to pure water would:

A)    be in a hypertonic solution

B)     gain water

C)    be in a isotonic solution

D)    shrivel

 

  1. Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated at a variety of temperatures. After incubation, there was no growth at 37° C and 50° C, slight growth at room temperature,and abundant growth in the fridge. What term could be used for this species?

A)    halophile

B)     mesophile

C)    anaerobe

D)    psychrophile

E)     thermophile

 

  1. A microaerophile:

A)    grows best with no oxygen

B)     grows with or without oxygen

C)    needs normal atmospheric levels of oxygen

D)    requires a small amount of oxygen but won't grow at normal atmospheric levels

 

 

  1. The E. coli that normally live in the human large intestines and produce vitamin K that the body uses would be best termed a _____ relationship.

A)    parasitic

B)     saprobic

C)    commensal

D)    mutualistic

 

 

Use the following bacterial growth curve to answer the next TWO questions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. If you wanted to study the cells’ ability to deal with low nutrients and toxins, which phase would you study?

A)    A

B)     B

C)    C

D)    D

 

  1. The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are adjusting to their new environment, metabolizing but not growing much is the:

A)    A

B)     B

C)    C

D)    D

 

  1. Which is NOT a method of measuring bacterial growth curves:

A)    plating/Batch culture method

B)     total cell count

C)    changes in media turbidity

D)    streak plate

 

  1. In a commensal relationship, the commensal benefits but the cohabitant is neither harmed nor benefited.  1pt

A)    True

B)     False

 

 

  1. Transverse binary fission results in 4 daughter cells from 1 parent cell.  1pt

A)    True

B)     False

 

  1. After binary fission, daughter cells will differ genetically.  1pt

A)    True

B)     False

 

  1. All of the chemical reactions of the cell are called:

A)    catabolism

B)     redox reactions

C)    phosphorylation

D)    metabolism

E)     cellular respiration

 

  1. The breakdown of peptidoglycan to N-acetylmuramic acid, N-acetylglucosamine and peptides is an example of:

A)    anabolism

B)     catabolism

C)    phosphorylation

D)    fermentation

E)     biosynthesis

 

  1. Enzymes are:

A)    broken down in reactions that require energy input

B)     proteins that function as catalysts

C)    electron carrier molecules

D)    structural proteins

 

  1. Formation of peptide bonds between amino acids to build a polypeptide would be called:

A)    anabolism

B)     phosphorylation

C)    fermentation

D)    exergonic

E)     glycolysis

 

  1. Enzymes that are produced only when signalled are termed:

A)    exoenzymes

B)     endoenzymes

C)    constitutive enzymes

D)    induced enzymes

 

  1. The most likely place where an exoenzyme participates in a chemical reaction is:

A)    mitochondria

B)     within the cell membrane

C)    cytoplasm

D)    outside of the cell

 

 

  1. The acronyms “LEO” (the lion goes) “GER” refer to reactions were electrons are transferred between molecules called:

A)    catabolism

B)     redox reactions

C)    phosphorylation

D)    metabolism

E)     cellular respiration

 

 

  1. In bacterial cells, the electron transport system is located in the:

A)    cell membrane

B)     mitochondria

C)    ribosomes

D)    cytoplasm

 

  1. In which pathway is the most NADH generated?

A)    electron transport system

B)     TCA cycle

C)    glycolysis

D)    fermentation

 

  1. Which term does not belong:

A)    Kreb’s cycle

B)     Tricarboxylic acid cycle

C)    Oxaloacetatic acid cycle

D)    Citric acid cycle

 

 

  1. During which of the phases of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP formed?

A)    electron transport

B)     TCA cycle

C)    glycolysis

D)    processing of pyruvic acid for the TCA cycle

 

 

  1. When glucose is broken down during glycolysis, how many total ATP are generated?

A)    2 ATP

B)     3 ATP

C)    4 ATP

D)    38 ATP

 

 

  1. As the electron transport carriers shuttle electrons, they actively pump _____ into the outer membrane compartment setting up a concentration gradient.

A)    ATP

B)     phosphate

C)    hydrogen ions

D)    oxygen

E)     NADH

  1. Fill in the Input and Output columns below  11pts

 

 

 

  1. Which term refers to the genes that an organism has:

A)    chromosome

B)     heredity

C)    genotype

D)    phenotype

 

  1. The DNA of organisms is made up of subunits called:

A)    histones

B)     amino acids

C)    nucleotides

D)    mRNA

E)     polymerases

 

  1. The duplication of a cell's DNA is called:

A)    mitosis

B)     replication

C)    transcription

D)    translation

E)     mutation

 

  1. The “antiparallel” arrangement within DNA molecules refers to:

A)    each base bonding at the 1' position of the sugar

B)     thymine always bonding to adenine

C)    one strand that runs from the 5' to 3' direction and the other strand runs from the 3' to 5' direction

D)    an original parent DNA strand and one newly synthesized DNA strand comprising a new DNA molecule

 

  1. Semiconservative replication refers to:

A)    each base bonding at the 1' position of the sugar

B)     thymine always bonding to adenine

C)    one strand that runs from the 5' to 3' direction and the other strand runs from the 3' to 5' direction

D)     an original parent DNA strand and one newly synthesized DNA strand comprising a new DNA molecule

 

  1. DNA polymeras:

A)    is needed for adding nucleotides during mRNA synthesis

B)     synthesizes new DNA only in the 5' to 3' direction

C)    cannot add nucleotides to the lagging strand

D)    synthesizes an RNA primer

 

  1. Groups of three consecutive bases along the DNA of a gene have the code for one:

A)    protein

B)     nucleotide

C)    amino acid

D)    purine

 

  1. The RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis are called:

A)    messenger RNA

B)     transfer RNA

C)    primer RNA

D)    ribozymes

 

 

  1. Fill in the missing terms for information flow in cells:  3pts

 

               DNA